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A lot of people cringe when they find out I'm a Calvinist. How could you believe that God doesn't give everyone a choice to be saved? they ask, with a look on their face belying their disdain for me and my ilk.
My, how times have changed. When the Reformation kicked off, Calvinism was the view held by the reformers: Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, etc. Modern day evangelicals who turn up their nose at Calvinists would have sided with Rome during the Reformation.
All that aside, we must all let Scripture speak for itself. Rather than injecting our fancies into the inerrant Word of God, let us see what the Bible has to say about Calvinism.
This is taken from a discussion I had with a dear Catholic friend of mine in Summer 2004. Most of the material was taken from two books by Dr. James White, "The Potter's Freedom" and "Debating Calvinism: Five Points, Two Views." If you are looking to study this topic in depth, I highly recommend both books. You can buy them on the cheap at http://aomin.org.
Our God is in heaven; he does whatever pleases him.
Psalm 115:3
Whatever the LORD pleases, He does, In heaven and in earth, in the seas and in all deeps.
Psalm 135:6
The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the LORD
Proverbs 16:33
Many
are the plans in a man's heart, but it is the LORD's purpose that prevails.
Proverbs 19:21
Man's steps are ordained by the LORD, How then can man understand his way?
Proverbs 20:24
The king's heart is like channels of water in the hand of the LORD; He turns it wherever He wishes.
Proverbs 21:1
Man's days are determined; you have decreed the number of his months and have set limits he cannot exceed.
Job 14:5
"It is I who have declared and saved and proclaimed, And there was no
strange god among you; So you are My witnesses," declares the
LORD, " And I am God.
"Even from eternity I am He, And there is none who can deliver out of My hand; I act and who can reverse it?"
Isaiah 43:12-13
I form the light and create darkness, I bring prosperity and create disaster; I, the LORD , do all these things.
Isaiah 45:7
Declaring
the end from the beginning, And from ancient times things which have
not been done, Saying, 'My purpose will
be established, And I will accomplish all My good pleasure';
Isaiah 46:10
Who is there who speaks and it comes
to pass, Unless the Lord has
commanded it? Is it not from the
mouth of the Most High That both good and ill go forth?
Lamentations 3:37-38
also we have obtained an
inheritance, having been predestined
according to His purpose who works all things after the counsel of His will,
Ephesians 1:11
for though the twins were not yet
born and had not done anything good or bad, so that God's purpose according to His choice would stand, not
because of works but because of Him who calls,
Romans 9:11
who has saved us and called us with
a holy calling, not according to our
works, but according to His own purpose and grace which was granted
us in Christ Jesus from all eternity,
2 Timothy 1:9
There are more verses that talk about man's will versus God's will, but it is clear from this point that God's will supersedes man's will. As Sproul has said:
God is free. I am free. If my freedom runs up against God's freedom, I lose. His freedom restricts mine; my freedom does not restrict his.
R.C. Sproul
Man can and does make decisions that stem from his fallen nature. We willingly choose the choices we make, and yet God's will is never frustrated by our plans.
God restrains evil as Genesis 20:6 teaches, yet He does not restrain all evil (although he could), and He has a purpose in the evil that is a part of His decree (Genesis 50:20, Acts 4:27-28).
The Bible presents a strong contrast between God who is able to save, and to save perfectly through Jesus Christ (Hebrews 7:25), and man, who is unable to make even the first move toward God due to the corruption of his nature, his slavery to sin, and his hatred of God.
The synergist would say that the Father may decree his salvation, the Son may die to obtain his redemption, and the Spirit may exercise His divine power in bringing conviction and enlightenment, but all of this, tradition tells us, is not enough to bring about salvation unless the will of the creature cooperates. This belief (called "synergism") states that God's grace cannot save unless joined in the effort by the will of man.
The monergist would say that the Bible teaches the all-sufficiency of God's grace and perfect power in what is called "monergism," the belief that He is fully able to save without the aid of His creatures.
Man is a slave to sin. The debate is not over the fact that we are all sinners, but rather the debate is about the results of sin in the life of mankind. The Bible teaches that no man is a neutral moral agent, uncommitted with regard to God's truth or law. All are rebels, each one of the sons of Adam an enemy of God. Man is not a blank slate, waiting for good or evil to come and write upon it. No, the terms used to describe man are vivid, if uncomfortable for us to consider. See Romans 3:10-18.
Can the Ethiopian change his skin or the leopard its spots? Neither can you do good who are accustomed to doing evil.
Jeremiah 13:23
For those who are according to the
flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who are according
to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit.
For the mind set on the flesh is death, but the mind set on the Spirit
is life and peace, because the mind set
on the flesh is hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of
God, for it is not even able to do so, and those who are in the flesh
cannot please God.
Romans 8:5-8
But a natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised.
1 Cor 2:14
Jesus answered and said to them, "Do not grumble among yourselves. "No one can come to Me unless the Father who sent Me draws him; and I will raise him up on the last day.
John 6:43-44
Jesus said to them, "If God were your Father, you would love
Me, for I proceeded forth and have come from God, for I have not even
come on My own initiative, but He sent Me.
"Why do you not understand
what I am saying? It is because you cannot hear My word.
"You are of your father the
devil, and you want to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from
the beginning, and does not stand in the truth because there is no truth in
him. Whenever he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own nature, for he is a liar
and the father of lies.
"But because I speak the truth, you do not believe
Me. "Which one of you convicts Me of sin? If I speak truth, why
do you not believe Me?
"He who is of God hears the
words of God; for this reason you do not hear them, because you are not of God."
John 8:42-47
This refers to the belief that God elects his predestined unconditionally, that is, without reference to works or anything the elect do. God is not looking forward into time and electing people based on whether or not they choose Him, rather, God chooses His elect, and as a result, these people put their faith in God and as a result, do good works (See Eph 2:8-10).
Ephesians 1 tells us that God chose us "according to the kind intentions of His will". (Eph 1:5) and in verse 11 see:
also we have obtained an inheritance, having been predestined according to His purpose who works all things after the counsel of His will,
Eph 1:11
When the Gentiles heard this, they
began rejoicing and glorifying the word of the Lord; and as many as had been appointed to eternal life believed.
Acts 13:48
But as many as received Him, to them
He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His
name,
who were born, not of blood nor of
the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God.
John 1:12-13
So then it does not depend on the man who wills or the man who runs, but on God who has mercy. So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He hardens whom He desires.
Romans 9:16,18
This refers to the belief that God saved His elect completely on the cross, substituting Christ's righteousness for those who were predestined by God to be saved (substitutionary atonement). The non-elect did not have their sins atoned for on the cross, otherwise they wouldn't go to Hell because their sins are already paid for!
It is called "Particular Redemption" by many Calvinists because the term explains the concept better. God chose those who He would redeem in Christ's death, particularly, on the basis of His purpose and pleasure (See Eph 1, Romans 9).
Calvinists would point to Hebrews 7-10, which speaks of Christ's atonement for the elect as "once for all". Also:
What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us? He who did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him over for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all things?
Who
will bring a charge against God's elect? God is the one who justifies;
who is the one who condemns? Christ Jesus is He who died, yes, rather who was
raised, who is at the right hand of
God, who also intercedes for us.
Romans 8:31-34
If God placed the sins of the non-elect on Christ, could it be said that none could bring a charge against them?
I ask on their behalf; I do not ask on behalf of the world, but of those whom You have given Me; for they are Yours;
John 17:9
Jesus prays for those given Him specifically, making a distinction between the elect and the world.
When one cannot put faith in God, it takes an act by the Father to take out our heart of stone and give us a heart of flesh (Ezekiel 11:19,36:26). This concept is similar to Jesus. raising Lazarus from the dead in John 11:41-44:
So they took away the stone. Then
Jesus looked up and said, "Father, I thank you that you have heard me. I
knew that you always hear me, but I said this for the benefit of the people
standing here, that they may believe that you sent me."
When he had said this, Jesus called in a loud voice, "Lazarus, come out!" The dead man came out, his
hands and feet wrapped with strips of linen, and a cloth around his face.
Jesus said to them, "Take off the grave clothes and let him go."
John 11:41-44
In the same way, we who are dead in sin (Eph 2:1,
Those who believe in Christ are born again, from God:
In reply Jesus declared, "I
tell you the truth, no one can see the
John 3:3
1 John 5:1 tells us who is able to believe:
Whoever believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God, and whoever loves the Father loves the child born of Him.
1 John 5:1
The passage cannot be understood that one must first believe and then they are born of God. Rather, the Greek text says literally "Every one believing" (present tense participle, ho pisteuon, emphasizing both the on-going action as well as the individuality of saving faith, "each believing person") that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God (a perfect passive verb, gegengetai, "has been born by the agency of God"). The one believing that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God.[1]
If you know that he is righteous, you know that everyone who does what is right has been born of him.
1 John 2:29
It is commonly said that Irresistible Grace is "divine rape" because God is forcing love upon the unwilling. But this isn't the Reformed position at all. Calvinists believe that God gives us the will to love Him, not that God has a gun to our heads, commanding us to love Him, but rather He gives us the will to turn to Him as these verses attest:
But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,
Gal 5:22
Faith is a gift from the Spirit! It is granted from God, as Phillipians tells us:
For it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for him,
Phil 1:29
But when God, who set me apart from birth and called me by his grace, was pleased to reveal his Son in me so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not consult any man,
Gal 1:15-16
Paul gives mad props to God for doing the work of setting
Paul apart from birth, calling him, and reveals the Son in him (knocking him
down on the Road to
Paul thanks God often in his epistles for the faith of his
readers (
This is the culmination of the first four "points" of Calvinism. That God will fully save those who He sent Christ to save:
But as I told you, you have seen me
and still you do not believe. All that
the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never
drive away. For I have come down from
heaven not to do my will but to do the will of him who sent me. And this is
the will of him who sent me, that I
shall lose none of all that he has given me, but raise them up at the last day.
For my Father's will is that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in him
shall have eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day." ."No one can come to me unless the Father
who sent me draws him, and I will raise him up at the last day.
John 6:36-40,44
Jesus tells us that He comes to do the Father's will. What is the Father's will? To lose none of all that he has given me. Can Christ fail in His mission? If we can fall away, hasn't Christ failed? And if Christ fails, why does He fail? Because He can't do the will of the Father, or because He won't do the will of the Father?
Now Calvinists don't say that everyone who seemingly follows Jesus will be saved on the last day. Jesus tells the Parable of the Sower (Matt 13:24-30) in which we see weeds (non-elect) planted among the wheat (elect). The servants asked the owner if they should pull up the weeds, but the owner said that the weeds should remain with the wheat until the last day, then they would be burned. The Church is filled with wheat and weeds.
Those who are not elect will not persevere:
They went out from us, but they were not really of us; for if they had been of us, they would have remained with us; but they went out, so that it would be shown that they all are not of us.
1 John 2:19
Romans 8:28-30 is one of the clearest presentation of salvation in the entire Bible, that is why it is often called the Golden Chain of Redemption. It sets out to explain the order in which we are saved:
And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose. For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. And those he predestined, he also called; those he called, he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified.
Romans 8:28-30
Notice the order here?
Foreknew --> Predestined --> Called --> Justified --> Glorified
There's no room in the passage for those who fall away. It starts with God knowing the elect, and God's predestining, calling, justifying and glorifying them, each step follows the previous without anyone falling from the "glory train".
Last modified at 01/09/2005 17:35:00
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